Recombinant Mouse IL-34 Protein Summary
Product Specifications
Asn21-Pro235, with a C-terminal 6-His tag
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
5195-ML
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
5195-ML/CF
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: IL-34
Interleukin 34 (IL-34; also known as uncharacterized protein C16orf77 homolog) is a 39 kDa, secreted cytokine that belongs to no known cytokine family (1). Mouse IL-34 is synthesized as a 235 amino acid (aa) precursor with a 20 aa signal sequence and a 215 aa mature chain (SwissProt # Q8R1R4). The mature chain contains two potential sites for N-linked glycosylation. There are three isoforms for IL-34. Isoform 1 (Q8R1R4-1) is the recombinant mouse IL-34 described in this insert. Isoform 2 (Q8R1R4-2) has an 85 aa substitution for the final 101 aa’s in isoform 1, and isoform 3 (Q8R1R4-3) lacks Q81 in isoform 1. Mouse IL-34 is 71% identical to human IL-34 on the amino acid level. IL-34 is expressed in various tissues, including heart, brain, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, testes, ovary, small intestine, prostate, and colon, and it is most abundant in the spleen (1). The receptor for IL-34 is colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) (1). IL-34 stimulates monocyte viability (1). In functional studies, IL-34, like CSF-1, the other ligand for CSF-1R, stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1/2) in human monocytes (1). In addition, IL-34 promoted the formation of the colony-forming unit-macrophage (CFU-M), a macrophage progenitor, in human bone marrow cultures (1).
Citations for Recombinant Mouse IL-34 Protein
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Primary Cortical Cell Tri-Culture-Based Screening of Neuroinflammatory Response in Toll-like Receptor Activation
Authors: N Goshi, H Kim, E Seker
Biomedicines, 2022-08-29;10(9):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
Chimeric GPCRs mimic distinct signaling pathways and modulate microglia responses
Authors: R Schulz, M Korkut-Dem, A Venturino, G Colombo, S Siegert
Nature Communications, 2022-08-15;13(1):4728.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
Distinct phases of adult microglia proliferation: a Myc-mediated early phase and a Tnfaip3-mediated late phase
Authors: W Tan, PP Su, J Leff, X Gao, J Chen, AK Guan, G Kalyanasun, A Ma, Z Guan
Cell Discovery, 2022-04-12;8(1):34.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Interleukin-34-CSF1R Signaling Axis Promotes Epithelial Cell Transformation and Breast Tumorigenesis
Authors: M Poudel, G Kim, PY Bhattarai, JY Kim, HS Choi
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021-03-08;22(5):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Inhibition of IL-34 Unveils Tissue-Selectivity and Is Sufficient to Reduce Microglial Proliferation in a Model of Chronic Neurodegeneration.
Authors: Obst J, Simon E, Martin-Estebane M, Pipi E, Barkwill L, Gonzalez-Rivera I, Buchanan F, Prescott A, Faust D, Fox S, Brownlees J, Taylor D, Perry V, Nuthall H, Atkinson P, Karran E, Routledge C, Gomez-Nicola D
Front Immunol, 2020-10-08;11(0):579000.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Knockout of reactive astrocyte activating factors slows disease progression in an ALS mouse model
Authors: KA Guttenplan, MK Weigel, DI Adler, J Couthouis, SA Liddelow, AD Gitler, BA Barres
Nat Commun, 2020-07-27;11(1):3753.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
Role of microglia in the dissemination of Zika virus from mother to fetal brain
Authors: P Xu, C Shan, TJ Dunn, X Xie, H Xia, J Gao, J Allende La, J Zou, PP Villarreal, CR Schlagal, Y Yu, G Vargas, SL Rossi, N Vasilakis, PY Shi, SC Weaver, P Wu
PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2020-07-06;14(7):e0008413.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
A primary neural cell culture model to study neuron, astrocyte, and microglia interactions in neuroinflammation
Authors: N Goshi, RK Morgan, PJ Lein, E Seker
J Neuroinflammation, 2020-05-11;17(1):155.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cell
Applications: Cell Culture -
Enhancing protective microglial activities with a dual function TREM2 antibody to the stalk region
Authors: K Schlepckow, KM Monroe, G Kleinberge, L Cantuti-Ca, S Parhizkar, D Xia, M Willem, G Werner, N Pettkus, B Brunner, A Sülzen, B Nuscher, H Hampel, X Xiang, R Feederle, S Tahirovic, JI Park, R Prorok, C Mahon, CC Liang, J Shi, DJ Kim, H Sabelström, F Huang, G Di Paolo, M Simons, JW Lewcock, C Haass
EMBO Mol Med, 2020-03-10;0(0):e11227.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
Nanoscale Surveillance of the Brain by Microglia via cAMP-Regulated Filopodia
Authors: LP Bernier, CJ Bohlen, EM York, HB Choi, A Kamyabi, L Dissing-Ol, JK Hefendehl, HY Collins, B Stevens, BA Barres, BA MacVicar
Cell Rep, 2019-06-04;27(10):2895-2908.e4.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Diverse Requirements for Microglial Survival, Specification, and Function Revealed by Defined-Medium Cultures
Authors: CJ Bohlen, FC Bennett, AF Tucker, HY Collins, SB Mulinyawe, BA Barres
Neuron, 2017-05-17;94(4):759-773.e8.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Role of chondroitin sulfate (CS) modification in the regulation of protein tyrosine receptor type Z (PTPRZ) activity: pleiotrophin-PTPRZ-A signaling is involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation
J Biol Chem, 2016-07-21;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Interleukin-34 restores blood-brain barrier integrity by upregulating tight junction proteins in endothelial cells.
Authors: Jin, Shijie, Sonobe, Yoshifum, Kawanokuchi, Jun, Horiuchi, Hiroshi, Cheng, Yi, Wang, Yue, Mizuno, Tetsuya, Takeuchi, Hideyuki, Suzumura, Akio
PLoS ONE, 2014-12-23;9(12):e115981.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
The newly discovered cytokine IL-34 is expressed in gingival fibroblasts, shows enhanced expression by pro-inflammatory cytokines, and stimulates osteoclast differentiation.
Authors: Bostrom E, Lundberg P
PLoS ONE, 2013-12-10;8(12):e81665.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
CSF-1 receptor-mediated differentiation of a new type of monocytic cell with B cell-stimulating activity: its selective dependence on IL-34.
Authors: Yamane F, Nishikawa Y, Matsui K, Asakura M, Iwasaki E, Watanabe K, Tanimoto H, Sano H, Fujiwara Y, Stanley E, Kanayama N, Mabbott N, Magari M, Ohmori H
J Leukoc Biol, 2013-09-19;95(1):19-31.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
CSF-1 receptor-dependent colon development, homeostasis and inflammatory stress response.
Authors: Huynh D, Akcora D, Malaterre J, Chan C, Dai X, Bertoncello I, Stanley E, Ramsay R
PLoS ONE, 2013-02-22;8(2):e56951.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling in injured neurons facilitates protection and survival.
Authors: Luo, Jian, Elwood, Fiona, Britschgi, Markus, Villeda, Saul, Zhang, Hui, Ding, Zhaoqing, Zhu, Liyin, Alabsi, Haitham, Getachew, Ruth, Narasimhan, Ramya, Wabl, Rafael, Fainberg, Nina, James, Michelle, Wong, Gordon, Relton, Jane, Gambhir, Sanjiv S, Pollard, Jeffrey, Wyss-Coray, Tony
J Exp Med, 2013-01-07;210(1):157-72.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: Bioassay -
Cloning and expression of feline colony stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R) and analysis of the species specificity of stimulation by colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34).
Cytokine, 2012-12-19;61(2):630-8.
Species: Feline
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
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