Recombinant Mouse Pleiotrophin/PTN Protein, CF

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
6580-PL-050
R&D Systems Recombinant Proteins and Enzymes
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Citations (4)
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Recombinant Mouse Pleiotrophin/PTN Protein, CF Summary

Product Specifications

Purity
>95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
Endotoxin Level
<0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its ability to enhance neurite outgrowth of E16-E18 rat embryonic cerebral cortical neurons. Muramatsu, H. and T. Muramatsu (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commu. 177:652. Optimal neurite outgrowth was observed when neurons were plated on 96 well culture plates that had been pre-coated with 100 µL/well of recombinant mouse Pleiotrophin at 3‑8 µg/mL.
Source
Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived mouse Pleiotrophin/PTN protein
Met1-Asp168
Accession #
N-terminal Sequence
Analysis
Gly33
Predicted Molecular Mass
15.3 kDa
SDS-PAGE
19 kDa, reducing conditions

Product Datasheets

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6580-PL

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

6580-PL

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
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Background: Pleiotrophin/PTN

Pleiotrophin (PTN), also called heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM), heparin-binding neurotrophic factor (HBNF), heparin-affinity regulatory peptide (HARP), or osteoblast-specific factor (OSF-1), is an 18 kDa secreted, strongly heparin-binding, developmentally regulated cytokine (1 ‑ 3). PTN and midkine share 50% amino acid (aa) sequence identity, share some functions, and constitute a family (1 ‑ 3). The mouse PTN cDNA encodes 168 aa, including a 32 aa signal sequence and two thrombospondin type 1 (TSP1) beta sheet domains separated by a linker and flanked by lysine-rich N- and C-terminal sequences (4). The second TSP1 domain (aa 97 ‑ 129) contains the highest affinity binding site for heparin (4, 5). A 15 kDa form which lacks the C-terminus is mitogenic for glioblastoma cells, while full-length PTN is not (6). PTN is a highly conserved protein; human, mouse, rat, canine, porcine, equine and bovine PTN share 98% aa sequence identity or greater. During development, PTN is involved in development of brain, bone, and organs undergoing branching morphogenesis (3).  In the adult, it is induced by PDGF and upregulated in many cancers, hematopoietic stem cells and tissues undergoing remodeling (7 ‑ 10). Cell surface receptors for PTN include Syndecan-3 (which mediates neurite outgrowth) and the receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTPRB, also called RPTP beta / zeta (3, 11 ‑ 13). Heparin binding is necessary for engaging these receptors (7, 8). PTN causes PTPRB dimerization and inactivates its phosphatase activity, which allows increased tyrosine phosphorylation of its substrates (12 ‑ 14). One such substrate is the WNT pathway molecule beta -catenin, allowing crosstalk of PTN with WNTs (12). PTN activation of the receptor ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) is indirect through PTPRB, and mediates mitogenic, transforming and angiogenic activities of PTN (2, 5, 6, 13). Increased expression of PTN is correlated with neuronal development or stresses such as brain ischemia and Parkinson’s disease (2, 3, 7, 8). Both PTN and midkine have demonstrated bactericidal activity, but only in the absence of heparin (15).

References
  1. Naito, A. et al. (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 183:701.
  2. Perez-Pinera, P. et al. (2008) Curr. Opin. Hematol. 15:210.
  3. Weng, T. and L. Liu (2010) Respir. Res. 11:80.
  4. Raulo, E. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:41576.
  5. Hamma-Kourbali, Y. et al. (2008) J. Cell. Physiol. 214:250.
  6. Lu, K.V. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:16953.
  7. Yeh, H-J. et al. (1998) J. Neurosci. 18:3699.
  8. Marchionini, D.M. et al. (2007) Brain Res. 1147:77.
  9. Chang, Y. et al. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:10888.
  10. Himburg, H.A. et al. (2010) Nat. Med. 16:475.
  11. Kinnunen, T. et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271:2243.
  12. Meng, K. et al. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:2603.
  13. Perez-Pinera, P. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:28683.
  14. Fukada, M. et al. (2006) FEBS Lett. 580:4051.
  15. Svensson, S.L. et al. (2010) J. Biol. Chem. 285:16105.
Entrez Gene IDs
5764 (Human)
Alternate Names
HARP; HBBM; HB-GAM; HBGF8; HBNF; HBNF1; HBNF-1; Heparin-binding brain mitogen; HNGF-8; NEGF1HBGF-8; neurite growth-promoting factor 1; neurite growth-promoting factor1); OSF-1; Osteoblast-specific factor 1; Pleiotrophin; PTN

Citations for Recombinant Mouse Pleiotrophin/PTN Protein, CF

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

4 Citations: Showing 1 - 4
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  1. Constitutive Pleiotrophin Deletion Results in a Phenotype with an Altered Pancreatic Morphology and Function in Old Mice
    Authors: Ballesteros-Pla, C;Sevillano, J;Sánchez-Alonso, MG;Limones, M;Pita, J;Zapatería, B;Sanz-Cuadrado, MI;Pizarro-Delgado, J;Izquierdo-Lahuerta, A;Medina-Gómez, G;Herradón, G;Ramos-Álvarez, MDP;
    International journal of molecular sciences
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  2. Chronic myelogenous leukemia stem cells require cell-autonomous pleiotrophin signaling
    Authors: HA Himburg, M Roos, T Fang, Y Zhang, CM Termini, L Schlussel, MM Kim, A Pang, J Kan, L Zhao, H Suh, JP Sasine, G Sapparapu, PM Bowers, G Schiller, JP Chute
    J. Clin. Invest., 2020-01-02;0(0):.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  3. Pericyte loss leads to circulatory failure and pleiotrophin depletion causing neuron loss
    Authors: AM Nikolakopo, A Montagne, K Kisler, Z Dai, Y Wang, MT Huuskonen, AP Sagare, D Lazic, MD Sweeney, P Kong, M Wang, NC Owens, EJ Lawson, X Xie, Z Zhao, BV Zlokovic
    Nat. Neurosci., 2019-06-24;22(7):1089-1098.
    Species: Mouse, N/A, Transgenic Mouse
    Sample Types: In Vivo, Recombinant Protein, Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay, ELISA Standard, In Vivo
  4. The loss of Trps1 suppresses ureteric bud branching because of the activation of TGF-beta signaling.
    Authors: Gui T, Sun Y, Gai Z, Shimokado A, Muragaki Y, Zhou G
    Dev Biol, 2013-03-26;377(2):415-27.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: Bioassay

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