(RS)-3,5-DHPG
Chemical Name: (RS)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine
Purity: ≥99%
Biological Activity
(RS)-3,5-DHPG is a selective group I metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist which activates both mGlu1 and mGlu5. Also reported to be an antagonist at metabotropic glutamate receptors linked to phospholipase D.S-enantiomer also available.
Technical Data
The technical data provided above is for guidance only.
For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Additional Information
Background References
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Sapap3 deletion anomalously activates short-term endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity.
Chen, Meng, Wan, Yehong, Ade, Kristen, Ting, Jonathan, Feng, Guoping, Calakos, Nicole
J Neurosci, 2011;31(26):9563-73. -
High-throughput genotoxicity assay identifies antioxidants as inducers of DNA damage response and cell death.
Fox JT, Sakamuru S, Huang R
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2012;109(14):5423-8. -
N-acetylcysteine protects against apoptosis through modulation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor activity.
Sun L, Gu L, Wang S
PLoS ONE, 2012;7(3):e32503. -
The MNK - eIF4E signaling axis contributes to injury-induced nociceptive plasticity and the development of chronic pain
JK Moy, A Khoutorsky, MN Asiedu, BJ Black, JL Kuhn, P Barragán-I, S Megat, MD Burton, CC Burgos-Veg, OK Melemedjia, S Boitano, J Vagner, CG Gkogkas, JJ Pancrazio, JS Mogil, G Dussor, N Sonenberg, TJ Price
J. Neurosci., 2017;0(0):. -
Type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu1) trigger the gating of GluD2 delta glutamate receptors.
Ady V, Perroy J, Tricoire L, Piochon C, Dadak S, Chen X, Dusart I, Fagni L, Lambolez B, Levenes C
EMBO Rep, 2014;15(1):103-9. -
Roles of CREB in the regulation of FMRP by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in cingulate cortex.
Mol Brain, 2012;5(0):27. -
3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine: a potent agonist of metabotropic glutamate receptors.
Ito et al.
NeuroReport, 1992;3:1013 -
Pharmacological characterization of metabotropic glutamate recpetors coupled to phopholipase D in the rat hippocampus.
Pellegrini-Giampietro et al.
Br.J.Pharmacol., 1996;118:1035 -
Regulation of phosphoinositide turnover in neonatal rat cerebral cortex by group I- and II-selective metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists.
Mistry et al.
Br.J.Pharmacol., 1998;123:581 -
The group I mGlu receptor agonist DHPG induces a novel form of LTD in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
Palmer et al.
Neuropharmacology, 1997;36:1517
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Citations for (RS)-3,5-DHPG
The citations listed below are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for (RS)-3,5-DHPG include:
69 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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The Temporal Dynamics of Arc Expression Regulate Cognitive Flexibility.
Authors: Wall Et al.
Neuron 2018;98:1124
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Neuronal Activity-Dependent Activation of Astroglial Calcineurin in Mouse Primary Hippocampal Cultures.
Authors: Lim Et al.
Int J Mol Sci 2018;19
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Drebrin Isoforms Critically Regulate NMDAR- and mGluR-Dependent LTD Induction.
Authors: Yasuda Et al.
Front Cell Neurosci 2018;12:330
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Presynaptic mGlu1 Receptors Control GABAB Receptors in an Antagonist-Like Manner in Mouse Cortical GABAergic and Glutamatergic Nerve Endings.
Authors: Vergassola Et al.
Front Mol Neurosci 2018;11:324
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Neural Circuit-Specialized Astrocytes: Transcriptomic, Proteomic, Morphological, and Functional Evidence.
Authors: Chai Et al.
Neuron 2017;95:531
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AKT isoforms have distinct hippocampal expression and roles in synaptic plasticity.
Authors: Levenga Et al.
Elife 2017;6
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Striatopallidal dysfunction underlies repetitive behavior in Shank3-deficient model of autism.
Authors: Wang Et al.
J Clin Invest 2017;127:1978
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Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 mediates the suppressive effect of 6-OHDA-induced model of Parkinson's disease on liver cancer.
Authors: Xi
Pharmacol Res 2017;121:145
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Calmodulin activity regulates group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated signal transduction and synaptic depression.
Authors: Sethna Et al.
J Neurosci Res 2016;94:401
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Selective Disruption of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5-Homer Interactions Mimics Phenotypes of Fragile X Syndrome in Mice.
Authors: Guo Et al.
J Neurosci 2016;36:2131
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Application of surface plasmon resonance imaging to monitoring G protein-coupled receptor signaling and its modulation in a heterologous expression system.
Authors: Nonobe Et al.
BMC Biotechnol 2016;16:36
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Colocalization of neurotransmitter transporters on the plasma membrane of the same nerve terminal may reflect cotransmission.
Authors: Romei Et al.
Brain Research Bulletin 2016;127:100
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Neuronal splicing regulator RBFOX3(NeuN) regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis
Authors: Lin Et al.
PLoS One 2016;11:e0164164
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Dendritic spine dynamics leading to spine elimination after repeated inductions of LTD.
Authors: Hasegawa Et al.
J Neurosci 2015;5:7707
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BDNF interacts with endocannabinoids to regulate cocaine-induced synaptic plasticity in mouse midbrain DA neurons.
Authors: Zhong Et al.
Sci Rep 2015;35:4469
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PDE-4 inhibition rescues aberrant synaptic plasticity in Drosophila and mouse models of fragile X syndrome.
Authors: Choi Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015;35:396
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Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated activation of PKC gamma in the nucleus accumbens core promotes the reinstatement of cocaine seeking.
Authors: Schmidt Et al.
Addict Biol 2015;20:285
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Rapid manifestation of reactive astrogliosis in acute hippocampal brain slices.
Authors: Takano Et al.
Glia 2014;62:78
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Long-term depression-inducing stimuli promote cleavage of the synaptic adhesion molecule NGL-3 through NMDA receptors, matrix metalloproteinases and presenilin/γ-secretase.
Authors: Lee Et al.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014;369:20130158
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Long lasting protein synthesis- and activity-dependent spine shrinkage and elimination after synaptic depression.
Authors: Ramiro-Cortés
PLoS One 2013;8:e71155
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Activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors potentiates heteromeric kainate receptors.
Authors: Rojas Et al.
Mol Pharmacol 2013;83:106
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Involvement of TrkB- and p75(NTR)-signaling pathways in two contrasting forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity.
Authors: Sakuragi Et al.
J Vis Exp 2013;3:3185
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Modulation of mGluR-dependent MAP1B translation and AMPA receptor endocytosis by microRNA miR-146a-5p.
Authors: Chen and Shen
J Neurosci 2013;33:9013
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Simultaneous monitoring of presynaptic transmitter release and postsynaptic receptor trafficking reveals an enhancement of presynaptic activity in metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated long-term depression.
Authors: Xu Et al.
J Neurosci 2013;33:5867
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Impaired activity-dependent FMRP translation and enhanced mGluR-dependent LTD in Fragile X premutation mice.
Authors: Iliff Et al.
Hum Mol Genet 2013;22:1180
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The plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase2 (PMCA2) is involved in the regulation of Purkinje cell dendritic growth in cerebellar organotypic slice cultures.
Authors: Sherkhane and Kapfhammer
J Neurosci 2013;2013:321685
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Synapse-specific and size-dependent mechanisms of spine structural plasticity accompanying synaptic weakening.
Authors: Oh Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013;110:E305
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A modulatory effect of the feedback from higher visual areas to V1 in the mouse.
Authors: Pasquale and Sherman
J Neurophysiol 2013;109:2618
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The analysis of purkinje cell dendritic morphology in organotypic slice cultures.
Authors: Kapfhammer and Gugger
J Neurosci 2012;NULL
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Central amygdala metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in the modulation of visceral pain.
Authors: Crock Et al.
Eur J Neurosci 2012;32:14217
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MeCP2 phosphorylation is required for modulating synaptic scaling through mGluR5.
Authors: Zhong Et al.
Stem Cell Reports 2012;32:12841
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Activity Modes in Thalamocortical Relay Neurons are Modulated by G(q)/G(11) Family G-proteins - Serotonergic and Glutamatergic Signaling.
Authors: Coulon Et al.
Front Cell Neurosci 2011;4:132
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Loss of Tsc1 in vivo impairs hippocampal mGluR-LTD and increases excitatory synaptic function.
Authors: Bateup Et al.
Neurosci Lett 2011;31:8862
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Altered neocortical rhythmic activity states in Fmr1 KO mice are due to enhanced mGluR5 signaling and involve changes in excitatory circuitry.
Authors: Hays Et al.
J Neurosci 2011;31:14223
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Endocannabinoids mediate synaptic plasticity at glutamatergic synapses on spiny neurons within a basal ganglia nucleus necessary for song learning.
Authors: Thompson and Perkel
J Neurophysiol 2011;105:1159
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Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in the amygdala modulates pain-like behavior.
Authors: Kolber Et al.
Sci Rep 2010;30:8203
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Control of cannabinoid CB1 receptor function on glutamate axon terminals by endogenous adenosine acting at A1 receptors.
Authors: Hoffman Et al.
J Neurosci 2010;30:545
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Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor stimulation triggers production and release of Alzheimer's amyloid(β)42 from isolated intact nerve terminals.
Authors: Kim Et al.
J Neurosci 2010;30:3870
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Calcium binding to PICK1 is essential for the intracellular retention of AMPA receptors underlying long-term depression.
Authors: Citri Et al.
J Neurosci 2010;30:16437
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Neuroligin 1 is dynamically exchanged at postsynaptic sites.
Authors: Schapitz Et al.
J Neurosci 2010;30:12733
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Activation of native TRPC3 cation channels by phospholipase D.
Authors: Glitsch
FASEB J 2010;24:318
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Converging signal on ERK1/2 activity regulates group I mGluR-mediated Arc transcription.
Authors: Wang Et al.
J Neurosci 2009;460:36
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N-MthD.-aspartate receptor- and metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression are differentially regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
Authors: Citri Et al.
J Neurosci 2009;30:1443
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Mobilization of calcium from intracellular stores facilitates somatodendritic DA release.
Authors: Patel Et al.
J Neurosci 2009;29:6568
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Regulated release of BDNF by cortical oligodendrocytes is mediated through metabotropic glutamate receptors and the PLC pathway.
Authors: Bagayogo and Dreyfus
ASN Neuro 2009;1
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Input-specific plasticity at excitatory synapses mediated by endocannabinoids in the dentate gyrus.
Authors: Chiu and Castillo
Neuropharmacology 2008;54:68
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Alpha1-adrenergic receptor-induced heterosynaptic long-term depression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is disrupted in mouse models of affective disorders.
Authors: McElligott
Neuropsychopharmacology 2008;33:2313
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In vivo metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonism prevents cocaine-induced disruption of postsynaptically maintained mGluR5-dependent long-term depression.
Authors: Grueter Et al.
J Neurosci 2008;28:9261
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Fast subplasma membrane Ca2+ transients control exo-endocytosis of synaptic-like microvesicles in astrocytes.
Authors: Marchaland Et al.
J Neurosci 2008;28:9122
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The tyrosine phosphatase STEP mediates AMPA receptor endocytosis after metabotropic glutamate receptor stimulation.
Authors: Zhang Et al.
J Neurosci 2008;28:10561
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A crucial role for cAMP and protein kinase A in D1 DA receptor regulated intracellular calcium transients.
Authors: Dai Et al.
Neurosignals 2008;16:112
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Aberrant early-phase ERK inactivation impedes neuronal function in fragile X syndrome.
Authors: Kim Et al.
J Neurosci 2008;105:4429
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The different roles of cyclinD1-CDK4 in STP and mGluR-LTD during the postnatal development in mice hippocampus area CA1.
Authors: Li Et al.
BMC Dev Biol 2007;7:57
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Dysregulated metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent translation of AMPA receptor and postsynaptic density-95 mRNAs at synapses in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome.
Authors: Muddashetty Et al.
J Neurosci 2007;27:5338
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Plasticity of intrinsic excitability during long-term depression is mediated through mGluR-dependent changes in I(h) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.
Authors: Brager and Johnston
J Neurosci 2007;27:13926
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Disynaptic amplification of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 responses in the olfactory bulb.
Authors: Jan and Westbrook
J Neurosci 2007;27:132
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Vesicular release of glutamate from unmyelinated axons in white matter.
Authors: Ziskin Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;10:321
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AMPAR removal underlies Abeta-induced synaptic depression and dendritic spine loss.
Authors: Hsieh Et al.
Neuron 2006;52:831
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A role in learning for SRF: deletion in the adult forebrain disrupts LTD and the formation of an immediate memory of a novel context.
Authors: Etkin Et al.
Neuron 2006;50:127
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Visual experience regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated plasticity of AMPA receptor synaptic transmission by homer1a induction.
Authors: Keuren-Jensen and Cline
J Neurosci 2006;26:7575
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Glutamatergic Control of Microvascular Tone by Distinct GABA Neurons in the Cerebellum.
Authors: Rancillac Et al.
J Neurosci 2006;26:6997
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Activation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors attenuates rotenone toxicity on DArgic neurons through a microtubule-dependent mechanism.
Authors: Jiang Et al.
J Neurosci 2006;26:4318
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Interactions between ephrin-B and metabotropic glutamate 1 receptors in brain tissue and cultured neurons.
Authors: Calò Et al.
J Neurosci 2005;25:2245
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Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase activation is required for metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression in hippocampal area CA1.
Authors: Gallagher Et al.
Neural Plast 2004;24:4859
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Metabotropic mGlu5 receptors regulate adenosine A2A receptor signaling.
Authors: Nishi Et al.
J Neurosci 2003;100:1322
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Altered synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of fragile X mental retardation.
Authors: Huber Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002;99:7746
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Neutrophil-derived glutamate regulates vascular endothelial barrier function.
Authors: Collard Et al.
J Biol Chem 2002;277:14801
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Identification of sites for exponential translation in living dendrites.
Authors: Job and Eberwine
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:13037
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Bath application on brain slice. Publication in progress.
(RS)-3,5-DHPG was bath applied and also pressure ejected at a concentration of up to 200 μM in a mouse brainstem slice preparation during whole-cell and perforated patch clamp. Results were consistent across different batch #s of (RS)-3,5-DHPG.
(RS)-3,5-DHPG is light and air sensitive and is not stable in alkaline solutions. It is best to use aliquots within a week. Aliquots should not have a brown coloration under proper storage conditions.