Human Galectin-9 DuoSet ELISA Summary
* Provided that the recommended microplates, buffers, diluents, substrates and solutions are used, and the assay is run as summarized in the Assay Procedure provided.
This DuoSet ELISA Development kit contains the basic components required for the development of sandwich ELISAs to measure natural and recombinant human Galectin-9. The suggested diluent is suitable for the analysis of most cell culture supernate samples. Diluents for complex matrices, such as serum and plasma, should be evaluated prior to use in this DuoSet.
Product Features
- Optimized capture and detection antibody pairings with recommended concentrations save lengthy development time
- Development protocols are provided to guide further assay optimization
- Assay can be customized to your specific needs
- Economical alternative to complete kits
Kit Content
- Capture Antibody
- Detection Antibody
- Recombinant Standard
- Streptavidin conjugated to horseradish-peroxidase (Streptavidin-HRP)
Other Reagents Required
DuoSet Ancillary Reagent Kit 2 (5 plates): (Catalog # DY008) containing 96 well microplates, plate sealers, substrate solution, stop solution, plate coating buffer (PBS), wash buffer, and Reagent Diluent Concentrate 2.
The components listed above may be purchased separately:
PBS: (Catalog # DY006), or 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 8.1 mM Na2HPO4, 1.5 mM KH2PO4, pH 7.2 - 7.4, 0.2 µm filtered
Wash Buffer: (Catalog # WA126), or 0.05% Tween® 20 in PBS, pH 7.2-7.4
Reagent Diluent: (Catalog # DY995), or 1% BSA in PBS, pH 7.2-7.4, 0.2 µm filtered
Substrate Solution: 1:1 mixture of Color Reagent A (H2O2) and Color Reagent B (Tetramethylbenzidine) (Catalog # DY999)
Stop Solution: 2 N H2SO4 (Catalog # DY994)
Microplates: R&D Systems (Catalog # DY990)
Plate Sealers: ELISA Plate Sealers (Catalog # DY992)
Scientific Data
Product Datasheets
Preparation and Storage
Background: Galectin-9
The galectins constitute a large family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that function in many systems both intracellularly and following secretion. Galectins contain either one or two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRR) which mediate recognition of N-acetyl-lactosamine-containing glycoproteins. Some galectins exist in multiple isoforms due to alternative splicing. Individual galectins differ in their tissue distribution and in their carbohydrate-binding specificities.
Assay Procedure
GENERAL ELISA PROTOCOL
Plate Preparation
- Dilute the Capture Antibody to the working concentration in PBS without carrier protein. Immediately coat a 96-well microplate with 100 μL per well of the diluted Capture Antibody. Seal the plate and incubate overnight at room temperature.
- Aspirate each well and wash with Wash Buffer, repeating the process two times for a total of three washes. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (400 μL) using a squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, or autowasher. Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential for good performance. After the last wash, remove any remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or by inverting the plate and blotting it against clean paper towels.
- Block plates by adding 300 μL Reagent Diluent to each well. Incubate at room temperature for a minimum of 1 hour.
- Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2. The plates are now ready for sample addition.
Assay Procedure
- Add 100 μL of sample or standards in Reagent Diluent, or an appropriate diluent, per well. Cover with an adhesive strip and incubate 2 hours at room temperature.
- Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2 of Plate Preparation.
- Add 100 μL of the Detection Antibody, diluted in Reagent Diluent, to each well. Cover with a new adhesive strip and incubate 2 hours at room temperature.
- Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2 of Plate Preparation.
- Add 100 μL of the working dilution of Streptavidin-HRP to each well. Cover the plate and incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. Avoid placing the plate in direct light.
- Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2.
- Add 100 μL of Substrate Solution to each well. Incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. Avoid placing the plate in direct light.
- Add 50 μL of Stop Solution to each well. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
- Determine the optical density of each well immediately, using a microplate reader set to 450 nm. If wavelength correction is available, set to 540 nm or 570 nm. If wavelength correction is not available, subtract readings at 540 nm or 570 nm from the readings at 450 nm. This subtraction will correct for optical imperfections in the plate. Readings made directly at 450 nm without correction may be higher and less accurate.
Citations for Human Galectin-9 DuoSet ELISA
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
11
Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Predictors of HIV rebound differ by timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation
Authors: Li, JZ;Melberg, M;Kittilson, A;Abdel-Mohsen, M;Li, Y;Aga, E;Bosch, RJ;Wonderlich, ER;Kinslow, J;Giron, LB;Di Germanio, C;Pilkinton, M;MacLaren, L;Keefer, M;Fox, L;Barr, L;Acosta, E;Ananworanich, J;Coombs, R;Mellors, J;Deeks, S;Gandhi, RT;Busch, M;Landay, A;Macatangay, B;Smith, DM;AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5345 Study Team, ;
JCI insight
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in ANA+ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis
Authors: ST Kim, C Muñoz-Graj, SE Dunn, R Schneider, SR Johnson, Z Touma, Z Ahmad, D Bonilla, EG Atenafu, LT Hiraki, A Bookman, J Wither
Arthritis Research & Therapy, 2023-02-10;25(1):21.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Immune responses in Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in vaccinated adults
Authors: H Kared, AS Wolf, A Alirezayla, A Ravussin, G Solum, TT Tran, F Lund-Johan, JT Vaage, LS Nissen-Mey, UC Nygaard, O Hungnes, AH Robertson, LM Næss, L Trogstad, P Magnus, LA Munthe, S Mjaaland
Nature Communications, 2022-07-18;13(1):4165.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Circulating Levels of PD-L1, TIM-3 and MMP-7 Are Promising Biomarkers to Differentiate COVID-19 Patients That Require Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: L Chavez-Gal, A Ruiz, K Martinez-E, H Aguilar-Du, M Torres, R Falfan-Val, G Pérez-Rubi, M Selman, I Buendia-Ro
Biomolecules, 2022-03-14;12(3):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Functional role of galectin-9 in directing human innate immune reactions to Gram-negative bacteria and T cell apoptosis
Authors: S Schlichtne, NH Meyer, IM Yasinska, N Aliu, SM Berger, BF Gibbs, E Fasler-Kan, VV Sumbayev
International immunopharmacology, 2021-09-17;100(0):108155.
Species: E. coli
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
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Neutrophils promote T-cell activation through the regulated release of CD44-bound Galectin-9 from the cell surface during HIV infection
Authors: G Dunsmore, EP Rosero, S Shahbaz, DM Santer, J Jovel, P Lacy, S Houston, S Elahi
PloS Biology, 2021-08-19;19(8):e3001387.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Galectin-9, a Player in Cytokine Release Syndrome and a Surrogate Diagnostic Biomarker in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: N Bozorgmehr, S Mashhouri, E Perez Rose, L Xu, S Shahbaz, W Sligl, M Osman, DJ Kutsogiann, E MacIntyre, CR O'Neil, S Elahi
MBio, 2021-05-04;12(3):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Galectin-9 interacts with PD-1 and TIM-3 to regulate T cell death and is a target for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: R Yang, L Sun, CF Li, YH Wang, J Yao, H Li, M Yan, WC Chang, JM Hsu, JH Cha, JL Hsu, CW Chou, X Sun, Y Deng, CK Chou, D Yu, MC Hung
Nature Communications, 2021-02-05;12(1):832.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Memory Regulatory T cells Increase Only In Inflammatory Phase of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection and Related to Galectin-9/Tim-3 interaction
Authors: CC Hu, WJ Jeng, YC Chen, JH Fang, CH Huang, W Teng, YC Hsieh, YC Lin, RN Chien, IS Sheen, CY Lin
Sci Rep, 2017-11-10;7(1):15280.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Secretion of Galectin-9 as a DAMP during Dengue Virus Infection in THP-1 Cells
Authors: IC Dapat, DN Pascapurna, H Iwasaki, HK Labayo, H Chagan-Yas, S Egawa, T Hattori
Int J Mol Sci, 2017-07-28;18(8):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
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Proinflammatory stimuli induce galectin-9 in human mesenchymal stromal cells to suppress T-cell proliferation.
Authors: Gieseke F, Kruchen A, Tzaribachev N, Bentzien F, Dominici M, Muller I
Eur J Immunol, 2013-07-23;43(10):2741-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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We used this kit to quantify Galectin 9 in human serum and plasma, works very well at higher dilution.
We ran human EDTA-plasma at a 1:10 dilution for this assay.
