Human Progranulin/PGRN Biotinylated Antibody Summary
Thr18-Leu593
Accession # P28799
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: Progranulin/PGRN
Progranulin, also known as acrogranin, PC cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF) and epithelin/granulin precursor, is a ubiquitously expressed, 88 kDa, secreted glycoprotein (1-3). Structurally, it does not belong to any of the well-established growth factor families (4). Human Progranulin is 593 amino acids (aa) in length and contains a 17 aa signal sequence and 5 potential sites for N-linked glycosylation (Swiss Prot # P28799). It has a highly repetitive organization, containing seven tandem copies of a 55-57 aa consensus motif that contains 12 conserved cysteine residues: VXCX5-6CX5CCX8CCX6CCXDX2HCCPX4CX5-6CX2 (1). There is one alternate splice form for human Progranulin. This has a deletion of aa corresponding to aa 377-531 of the standard form. Progranulin is secreted as a full length form (2, 4), and may undergo proteolysis leading to the release of numerous peptides made from the seven tandem repeats, called the granulins (5-7). Human Progranulin shares 75% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat Progranulin. Progranulin is involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, as well as differentiation, development, and pathological processes (4). It has been isolated as a differentially expressed gene during mesothelial differentiation (8), macrophage development (9), the development of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis (10), sexual differentiation of the brain (11), and has also been shown to be a mediator of cartilage proliferation and of wound response and tissue repair (4, 12 13). High levels of Progranulin expression have been found to be associated with several human cancers and are believed to contribute to tumorigenesis in breast cancer, clear cell renal carcinoma, invasive ovarian carcinoma, glioblastoma, adipocyte teratoma, and multiple myeloma (4-5, 12, 14-19). In addition, mutations in the Progranulin gene are a cause of frontotemporal dementia, and increased expression of Progranulin is seen in activated microglia in many neurodegenerative diseases including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, motor neuron disease and Alzheimer's disease (20). Mutations in Progranulin causing neurodegenerative disease indicate that Progranulin is important for neuronal survival (20).
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- Zhou, J. et al. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268:10863.
- Liu, Y. et al. (2007) BMC Cancer 7:22.
- Xu, K. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:11347.
- Davidson, B. et al. (2004) Cancer 100:2139.
- Zanocco-Marani, T. et al. (1999) Cancer Res. 59:5331.
- Lu, R. and G. Serrero (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:3993.
- Sun, X. et al. (2004) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 30:510.
- Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:727.
- Justen, H.P. et al. (2000) Mol. Cell Biol. Res. Commun. 3:165.
- Suzuki, M. and M. Nishiahara (2002) Mol. Genet. Metab. 75:31.
- He, Z. et al. (2003) Nat. Med. 9:225.
- Zhu, J. et al. (2002) Cell 111:867.
- He, Z. and A. Bateman (2003) J. Mol. Med. 81:600.
- Bateman, A. et al. (1990) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 173:1161.
- Gonzalez, E.M. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:38113.
- Jones, M.B. et al. (2003) Gynecol. Oncol. 88:S136.
- Wang, W. et al. (2003) Clin. Cancer Res. 9:2221.
- Zhang, H. and G. Serrero (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:14202.
- Baker, M. et al. (2006) Nature 442:916.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human Progranulin/PGRN Biotinylated Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 6
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Dissecting the Prognostic Significance and Functional Role of Progranulin in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: L Schulze-Ed, C Dürr, S Öztürk, M Zucknick, A Benner, V Kalter, S Ohl, V Close, P Wuchter, S Stilgenbau, P Lichter, M Seiffert
Cancers (Basel), 2019-06-13;11(6):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: ELISA Detection -
Opposite microglial activation stages upon loss of PGRN or TREM2 result in reduced cerebral glucose metabolism
Authors: JK Götzl, M Brendel, G Werner, S Parhizkar, L Sebastian, G Kleinberge, AV Colombo, M Deussing, M Wagner, J Winkelmann, J Diehl-Schm, J Levin, K Fellerer, A Reifschnei, S Bultmann, P Bartenstei, A Rominger, S Tahirovic, ST Smith, C Madore, O Butovsky, A Capell, C Haass
EMBO Mol Med, 2019-06-01;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: ELISA Capture -
CSF progranulin increases in the course of Alzheimer's disease and is associated with sTREM2, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline
Authors: M Suárez-Cal, A Capell, MÁ Araque Cab, E Morenas-Ro, K Fellerer, N Franzmeier, G Kleinberge, E Eren, Y Deming, L Piccio, CM Karch, C Cruchaga, K Paumier, RJ Bateman, AM Fagan, JC Morris, J Levin, A Danek, M Jucker, CL Masters, MN Rossor, JM Ringman, LM Shaw, JQ Trojanowsk, M Weiner, M Ewers, C Haass
EMBO Mol Med, 2018-12-01;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: CSF
Applications: ELISA Development (Capture) -
Serum biomarker for progranulin-associated frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
Authors: Sleegers K, Brouwers N, Van Damme P, Engelborghs S, Gijselinck I, van der Zee J, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Cruts M, Vandenberghe R, De Deyn PP, Robberecht W, Van Broeckhoven C
Ann. Neurol., 2009-05-01;65(5):603-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: ELISA Development -
Progranulin functions as a neurotrophic factor to regulate neurite outgrowth and enhance neuronal survival.
Authors: Van Damme P, Van Hoecke A, Lambrechts D, Vanacker P, Bogaert E, van Swieten J, Carmeliet P, Van Den Bosch L, Robberecht W
J. Cell Biol., 2008-03-31;181(1):37-41.
Species: Human
Sample Types: CSF
Applications: ELISA Development -
Mucosal Progranulin expression is induced by H. pylori, but independent of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) expression
Authors: Thomas Wex, Doerthe Kuester, Cornelius Schönberg, Daniel Schindele, Gerhard Treiber, Peter Malfertheiner
BMC Gastroenterology
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