Human TSG-6 Biotinylated Antibody Summary
Trp18-Leu277
Accession # P98066
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: TSG-6
TSG-6 (TNF-stimulated gene 6; also TNFIP6) is a secreted, 35 - 39 kDa group A member of the LINK-Module superfamily of proteins (1 - 4). Human TSG-6 is synthesized as a 277 amino acid (aa) precursor. It contains a 17 aa signal sequence and a 260 aa mature region (5, 6). The mature region shows an N-terminal LINK module (amino acids 36 - 129) and a C-terminal CUB (C1s/C1r; urchin embryonic growth factor; BMP1) domain (amino acids 135 - 247). Link modules are alpha -helical, beta ‑sheet structures that bind hyaluronan (HA) and participate in extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly (7). Mature human TSG-6 shares 94% aa identity with both mouse and canine TSG-6. Cells reported to express TSG-6 include activated fibroblasts, synoviocytes, chondrocytes, neutrophils, proximal tubular epithelium, bronchial epithelium, endothelium, and visceral, plus vascular smooth muscle (2, 8). TSG-6 has multiple functions, many of which involve the ECM. It is suggested to stabilize HA-rich ECM. It does so by serving as an intermediary, or link, between the individual subunits of extracellular decameric pentraxin 3 and the surrounding hyaluronan matrix (9). It also provides structure and organization to hyaluronan. This is accomplished by a TSG-6 mediated transfer of an 80 - 85 kDa HC subunit from I alpha I (inter‑ alpha ‑inhibitor) to HA. I alpha I is a four-component, 225 kDa serine protease inhibitor. It contains a protease inhibitor subunit (bikunin), two independent, accompaning protein chains (HC1 and HC2), and a short chondroitin sulfate linking moiety. TSG-6 is a cation-dependent catalyst for the removal, transfer, and subsequent covalent linkage of HC 1/2 to surrounding HA. This provides substance and reinforcement to the ECM (1, 2, 10 - 12). The disassembly of I alpha I also leads to free bikunin, which in the “free” state becomes a potent inhibitor of serine proteases (8).
- Milner, C.M. et al. (2006) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34:446.
- Milner, C.M. and A.J. Day (2003) J. Cell Sci. 116:1863.
- Wisnieewski, H-G. and J. Vilcek (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:129.
- Blundell, C.D. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:18189.
- Lee, T.H. et al. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1982.
- Lee, T.H. et al. (1992) J. Cell Biol. 116:545.
- Kohda, D. et al. (1996) Cell 86:767.
- Forteza, R. et al. (2007) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 36:20.
- Salustri, A. et al. (2003) Development 131:1577.
- Rugg, M.S. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:25674.
- Sanggaard, K.W. et al. (2006) Biochemistry 45:7661.
- Sanggaard, K.W. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:11936.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human TSG-6 Biotinylated Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 8
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Effect of Expansion Media on Functional Characteristics of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Jakl, V;Popp, T;Haupt, J;Port, M;Roesler, R;Wiese, S;Friemert, B;Rojewski, MT;Schrezenmeier, H;
Cells
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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IL4I1-catalyzed tryptophan metabolites mediate the anti-inflammatory function of cytokine-primed human muscle stem cells
Authors: Muqiu Zuo, Jiankai Fang, Peiqing Huang, Shisong Liu, Pengbo Hou, Shiqing Wang et al.
Cell Death Discovery
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Deletion of TNFAIP6 Gene in Human Keratinocytes Demonstrates a Role for TSG-6 to Retain Hyaluronan Inside Epidermis
Authors: Céline Evrard, Emilie Faway, Evelyne De Vuyst, Olivier Svensek, Valérie De Glas, David Bergerat et al.
JID Innovations
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Transduction Enhancers Enable Efficient Human Adenovirus Type 5-Mediated Gene Transfer into Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: R Nilson, O Lübbers, L Wei beta, K Singh, K Scharffett, M Rojewski, H Schrezenme, PH Zeplin, W Funk, L Krutzke, S Kochanek, A Kritzinger
Viruses, 2021-06-12;13(6):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: Western Blot -
Efficacy of 3D Culture Priming is Maintained in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Extensive Expansion of the Cells
Authors: TJ Bartosh, JH Ylostalo
Cells, 2019-09-05;8(9):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: ELISA Detection -
Acute Molecular Changes in Synovial Fluid Following Human Knee Injury: Association With Early Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Tonia L Vincent
Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2016-09-01;68(9):2129-40.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: ELISA Development (Detection) -
Scalable Production of a Multifunctional Protein (TSG-6) That Aggregates with Itself and the CHO Cells That Synthesize It.
Authors: Kim D, Choi H, Nishida H, Oh J, Gregory C, Lee R, Yu J, Watanabe J, An S, Bartosh T, Prockop D
PLoS ONE, 2016-01-21;11(1):e0147553.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: ELISA Development (Detection) -
Crucial role of IL1beta and C3a in the in vitro-response of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells to inflammatory mediators of polytrauma.
Authors: Hengartner N, Fiedler J, Schrezenmeier H, Huber-Lang M, Brenner R
PLoS ONE, 2015-01-06;10(1):e0116772.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: ELISA Development (Detection)
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