Human VEGF APC-conjugated Antibody Summary
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
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Detection of VEGF in U937 Human Cell Line by Flow Cytometry. U937 human histiocytic lymphoma cell line either treated with 50 ng/mL PMA and 200 ng/mLCalcium Ionomycin for 16 hours (filled histogram) or untreated (open histogram) was stained with Mouse Anti-Human VEGF APC-conjugated Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # IC2931A). To facilitate intracellular staining, cells were fixed with Flow Cytometry Fixation Buffer (Catalog # FC004) and permeabilized with methanol. View our protocol for Staining Intracellular Molecules.
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Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied.
Background: VEGF
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), also known as Vascular Permeability Factor (VPF), is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult. It is a member of the PDGF family that is characterized by the presence of eight conserved cysteine residues and a cystine knot structure. VEGF165 appears to be the most abundant and potent isoform, followed by VEGF121 and VEGF189. Human VEGF165 is an approximately 44 kDa molecular weight homodimer sharing 88% aa sequence identity with corresponding regions of mouse and rat, 96% with porcine, 95% with canine, and 93% with feline, equine and bovine VEGF, respectively. VEGF binds the type I transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases VEGF R1 (also called Flt-1) and VEGF R2 (Flk-1/KDR) on endothelial cells. Although VEGF affinity is highest for binding to VEGF R1, VEGF R2 appears to be the primary mediator of VEGF angiogenic activity. VEGF165 binds the Semaphorin receptor, Neuropilin-1 and promotes complex formation with VEGF R2. VEGF is required during embryogenesis and functions to regulate the proliferation, migration, and survival of endothelial cells. In adults, VEGF functions mainly in wound healing and the female reproductive cycle. Pathologically, it is involved in tumor angiogenesis and vascular leakage. Circulating VEGF levels correlate with disease activity in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. VEGF is induced by hypoxia and cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, Oncostatin M (OSM) and TNF-alpha.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human VEGF APC-conjugated Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 5
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Targeting tumor vasculature to improve antitumor activity of T cells armed ex vivo with T cell engaging bispecific antibody
Authors: Park JA, Espinosa-Cotton M, Guo HF et al.
Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
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TGFb1 suppresses the activation of distinct dNK subpopulations in preeclampsia
Authors: J Zhang, CE Dunk, O Shynlova, I Caniggia, SJ Lye
EBioMedicine, 2018-12-19;39(0):531-539.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Melatonin restricts the viability and angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells by suppressing HIF-1 alpha /ROS/VEGF
Authors: Jiao Cheng, Hui‑Li Yang, Chun‑Jie Gu, Yu‑Kai Liu, Jun Shao, Rui Zhu et al.
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
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Effects of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitor SU5416 on in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum.
Authors: Hempel C, Hoyer N, Staalso T, Kurtzhals J
Malar J, 2014-05-28;13(0):201.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Nicotinamide inhibits vasculogenic mimicry, an alternative vascularization pathway observed in highly aggressive melanoma.
Authors: Itzhaki, Orit, Greenberg, Eyal, Shalmon, Bruria, Kubi, Adva, Treves, Avraham, Shapira-Frommer, Ronnie, Avivi, Camilla, Ortenberg, Rona, Ben-Ami, Eytan, Schachter, Jacob, Besser, Michal J, Markel, Gal
PLoS ONE, 2013-02-25;8(2):e57160.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry
FAQs
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Is the use of a golgi blocker recommended prior to intracellular staining for secreted cytokines ?
Generally 3uM Monensin is used in conjunction with PMA/ionomycin stimulation to prevent signal loss.
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