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Porcine TGF-beta 1 Protein

Catalog #: 101-B1
22 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS
Newer Version Available: 7754-BH
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Discontinued Product

101-B1 has been discontinued and is replaced by 7754-BH.

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Citations (22)
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Summary Product Datasheets Carrier Free Reconstitution Calculator Background Related Research Areas

Porcine TGF-beta 1 Protein Summary

Product Specifications

Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT‑2 mouse T cells. Tsang, M. et al. (1995) Cytokine 7:389. The ED50 for this effect is 0.03-0.2 ng/mL.
Source
Porcine platelet-derived TGF-beta 1 protein
Structure / Form
Disulfide-linked homodimer
SDS-PAGE
12 kDa, reducing conditions

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101-B1 (with carrier)

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101-B1/CF (carrier free)

Discontinued Product

101-B1

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 10 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
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Background: TGF-beta 1

TGF- beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure (1 - 7). TGF-beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1 - 4). Each TGF-beta isoform has some non redundant functions; for TGF-beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Porcine TGF-beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (8). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N-terminal 220 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF- beta 1 (8, 9). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 1 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex (8 - 10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF-beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature porcine TGF-beta 1 shows 100% aa identity with human, dog and cow TGF-beta 1 and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF-beta 1. It demonstrates cross species activity (1). TGF-beta 1 signaling begins with high-affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF-beta RI (also called activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) -5), or alternatively, ALK-1.This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad-independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts (11).

References
  1. Sporn, M.B. (2006) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:3.
  2. Dunker, N. and K. Krieglstein (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.
  3. Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.
  4. Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.
  5. Lin, J.S. et al. (2006) Reproduction 132:179.
  6. Hinck, A.P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8517.
  7. Mittl, P.R.E. et al. (1996) Protein Sci. 5:1261.
  8. Kondaiah, P. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:18313.
  9. Miyazono, K. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:6407.
  10. Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.
  11. de Caestecker, M. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:1.
  12. Zuniga, J.E. et al. (2005) J. Mol. Biol. 354:1052.
Long Name
Transforming Growth Factor beta 1
Entrez Gene IDs
7040 (Human); 21803 (Mouse); 59086 (Rat); 397078 (Porcine); 100033900 (Equine)
Alternate Names
CEDLAP; DPD1; latency-associated peptide; TGF beta; TGF beta1; TGFB; TGFB1; TGF-beta 1 protein; TGFbeta 1; TGF-beta 1; TGFbeta; TGF-beta-1; transforming growth factor beta-1; transforming growth factor, beta 1

Citations for Porcine TGF-beta 1 Protein

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

22 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Angiotensin-II-Evoked Ca2+ Entry in Murine Cardiac Fibroblasts Does Not Depend on TRPC Channels
    Authors: JE Camacho Lo, A Marx, AE Kraft, A Schürger, C Richter, A Dietrich, P Lipp, L Birnbaumer, M Freichel
    Cells, 2020-01-29;9(2):.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  2. Regulation of fibroblast Fas expression by soluble and mechanical pro-fibrotic stimuli
    Authors: AE Dodi, IO Ajayi, C Chang, M Beard, SL Ashley, SK Huang, VJ Thannickal, DJ Tschumperl, TH Sisson, JC Horowitz
    Respir. Res., 2018-05-10;19(1):91.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  3. Specialized fibroblast differentiated states underlie scar formation in the infarcted mouse heart
    Authors: X Fu, H Khalil, O Kanisicak, JG Boyer, RJ Vagnozzi, BD Maliken, MA Sargent, V Prasad, I Valiente-A, BC Blaxall, JD Molkentin
    J. Clin. Invest., 2018-04-16;0(0):.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  4. CD96 expression determines the inflammatory potential of IL-9-producing Th9 cells
    Authors: K Stanko, C Iwert, C Appelt, K Vogt, J Schumann, FJ Strunk, S Ahrlich, S Schlickeis, C Romagnani, K Jürchott, C Meisel, G Willimsky, AA Kühl, B Sawitzki
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2018-03-12;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  5. SMAD4 feedback regulates the canonical TGF-? signaling pathway to control granulosa cell apoptosis
    Authors: X Du, Z Pan, Q Li, H Liu, Q Li
    Cell Death Dis, 2018-02-02;9(2):151.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  6. Diverse functions of clusterin promote and protect against the development of pulmonary fibrosis
    Authors: L Peix, IC Evans, DR Pearce, JK Simpson, TM Maher, RJ McAnulty
    Sci Rep, 2018-01-30;8(1):1906.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  7. Glutaminolysis is required for TGF-?1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and activation
    Authors: K Bernard, NJ Logsdon, GA Benavides, Y Sanders, J Zhang, VM Darley-Usm, VJ Thannickal
    J. Biol. Chem., 2017-12-08;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  8. Fibroblast-specific TGF-?-Smad2/3 signaling underlies cardiac fibrosis
    Authors: H Khalil, O Kanisicak, V Prasad, RN Correll, X Fu, T Schips, RJ Vagnozzi, R Liu, T Huynh, SJ Lee, J Karch, JD Molkentin
    J. Clin. Invest., 2017-09-11;0(0):.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  9. Low doses of cholera toxin and its mediator cAMP induce CTLA-2 secretion by dendritic cells to enhance regulatory T cell conversion
    Authors: C Silva-Vilc, K Pletinckx, M Lohnert, V Pavlovic, D Ashour, V John, E Vendelova, S Kneitz, J Zhou, R Chen, T Reinheckel, TD Mueller, J Bodem, MB Lutz
    PLoS ONE, 2017-07-31;12(7):e0178114.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  10. TGF-? signaling controls FSHR signaling-reduced ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis through the SMAD4/miR-143 axis
    Cell Death Dis, 2016-11-24;7(11):e2476.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  11. Context-dependent switch in chemo/mechanotransduction via multilevel crosstalk among cytoskeleton-regulated MRTF and TAZ and TGF?-regulated Smad3
    Nat Commun, 2016-05-18;7(0):11642.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  12. Serotonin 2B Receptor Antagonism Prevents Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
    Authors: West J, Carrier E, Bloodworth N, Schroer A, Chen P, Ryzhova L, Gladson S, Shay S, Hutcheson J, Merryman W
    PLoS ONE, 2016-02-10;11(2):e0148657.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  13. Metabolic Reprogramming Is Required for Myofibroblast Contractility and Differentiation.
    Authors: Bernard K, Logsdon N, Ravi S, Xie N, Persons B, Rangarajan S, Zmijewski J, Mitra K, Liu G, Darley-Usmar V, Thannickal V
    J Biol Chem, 2015-08-28;290(42):25427-38.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  14. IkappaBNS regulates murine Th17 differentiation during gut inflammation and infection.
    Authors: Annemann M, Wang Z, Plaza-Sirvent C, Glauben R, Schuster M, Ewald Sander F, Mamareli P, Kuhl A, Siegmund B, Lochner M, Schmitz I
    J Immunol, 2015-02-18;194(6):2888-98.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  15. SMAD-independent down-regulation of caveolin-1 by TGF-beta: effects on proliferation and survival of myofibroblasts.
    Authors: Sanders Y, Cui Z, Le Saux C, Horowitz J, Rangarajan S, Kurundkar A, Antony V, Thannickal V
    PLoS ONE, 2015-02-06;10(2):e0116995.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  16. RGD surface functionalization of the hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens material to control posterior capsular opacification.
    Authors: Huang Y, Bertrand V, Bozukova D, Pagnoulle C, Labrugere C, De Pauw E, De Pauw-Gillet M, Durrieu M
    PLoS ONE, 2014-12-11;9(12):e114973.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  17. Tc17, a unique subset of CD8 T cells that can protect against lethal influenza challenge.
    Authors: Hamada H, Garcia-Hernandez Mde L, Reome JB, Misra SK, Strutt TM, McKinstry KK, Cooper AM, Swain SL, Dutton RW
    J. Immunol., 2009-03-15;182(6):3469-81.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  18. TH17 cells mediate steroid-resistant airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice.
    Authors: McKinley L, Alcorn JF, Peterson A, Dupont RB, Kapadia S, Logar A, Henry A, Irvin CG, Piganelli JD, Ray A, Kolls JK
    J. Immunol., 2008-09-15;181(6):4089-97.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  19. The aberrant methylation of TSP1 suppresses TGF-beta1 activation in colorectal cancer.
    Authors: Rojas A, Meherem S, Kim YH, Washington MK, Willis JE, Markowitz SD, Grady WM
    Int. J. Cancer, 2008-07-01;123(1):14-21.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
    Applications: Bioassay
  20. 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent PDK1 negatively regulates transforming growth factor-beta-induced signaling in a kinase-dependent manner through physical interaction with Smad proteins.
    Authors: Seong HA, Jung H, Kim KT, Ha H
    J. Biol. Chem., 2007-02-27;282(16):12272-89.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  21. Transforming growth factor beta1 regulates follistatin mRNA expression during in vitro bovine granulosa cell differentiation.
    Authors: Fazzini M, Vallejo G, Colman-Lerner A, Trigo R, Campo S, Baranao JL, Saragueta PE
    J. Cell. Physiol., 2006-04-01;207(1):40-8.
    Species: Bovine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  22. Xenopus neurula left-right asymmetry is respeficied by microinjecting TGF-beta5 protein.
    Authors: Mogi K, Goto M, Ohno E, Azumi Y, Takeuchi S, Toyoizumi R
    Int. J. Dev. Biol., 2003-02-01;47(1):15-29.
    Species: Xenopus
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo

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