Recombinant Human Dkk-1 Biotinylated Protein Summary
Product Specifications
Thr32-His266
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
BT5439
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
BT5439/CF
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Scientific Data
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Recombinant Human Wnt-3a (Catalog # 5036-WN) induces a dose responsive increase in Wnt reporter activity in HEK293 cells (green circles). Recombinant Biotinylated Human Dkk-1 (Catalog # BT5439) inhibits a constant dose of 500 ng/mL of Recombinant Human Wnt-3a. The ED50 for this effect is 10-60 ng/mL (orange circles).
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: Dkk-1
Dickkopf related protein 1 (Dkk-1) is the founding member of the Dickkopf family of proteins that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, -4, and a related protein, Soggy (1, 2). Dkk proteins are secreted proteins that contain two conserved cysteine-rich domains (CRDs) separated by a linker region. Each domain contains ten cysteine residues (1-3). Mature human Dkk-1 is a 40 kDa glycosylated protein that shares 83% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat Dkk-1. Dkk-1 is a well-characterized antagonist of Wnt/beta-Catenin signaling (1, 2, 4, 5). This pathway is activated by Wnt engagement of a receptor complex composed of the Frizzled proteins and one of two low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins, LRP-5 or LRP-6 (4). Crystallographic studies have shown that Dkk-1 interacts with LRP-6 as a bipartite inhibitor, with both CRDs binding the extracellular domain of LRP-6 simultaneously (4, 6-8). Dkk-1/LRP-6/Krm2 complex internalization has been shown to down-regulate Wnt signaling (4, 9). Dkk-1 is expressed throughout development and antagonizes Wnt-7a during limb development (10, 11). Other sites of expression include developing neurons, hair follicles, and the retina (12, 13). The balance between Wnt signaling and Dkk-1 inhibition is critical for bone formation and homeostasis (14). Insufficient or excess Dkk-1 activity in bone results in increased or decreased bone density, respectively (12, 15). In adults, Dkk-1 is expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes, and neurons. Cerebral ischemia induces Dkk-1 expression, which contributes to neuronal cell death (16). Dkk-1 also likely has a complex role in cancer, as it has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor and also to promote metastasis (17-19).
- Krupnik, V.E. et al. (1999) Gene 238:301.
- Niehrs, C. (2006) Oncogene 25:7469.
- Bullock, C.M. et al. (2004) Mol. Pharmacol. 65:582.
- Mao, B. et al. (2001) Nature 411:321.
- Brott, B.K. and S.Y. Sokol (2002) Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:6100.
- Chen, S. et al. (2011) Dev. Cell 21:848.
- Bourhis, E. et al. (2011) Structure 19:1433.
- Cheng, Z. et al. (2011) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 18:1204.
- Mao, B. et al. (2002) Nature 417:664.
- Kemp, C. et al. (2005) Dev. Dyn. 233:1064.
- Adamska, M. et al. (2004) Dev. Biol. 272:134.
- Li, J. et al. (2006) Bone 39:754.
- Verani, R. et al. (2007) J. Neurochem. 100:242.
- Pinzone, J.J. et al. (2009) Blood 113:517.
- Morvan, F. et al. (2006) J. Bone Miner. Res. 21:934.
- Cappuccio, I. et al. (2005) J. Neurosci. 25:2647.
- Menezes, M.E. et al. (2012) Int. J. Cancer 130:1477.
- Li, S. et al. (2013) PLoS One 8:e84944.
- Chen, L. et al. (2013) Mol. Cancer 12:157.
Citation for Recombinant Human Dkk-1 Biotinylated Protein
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
1 Citation: Showing 1 - 1
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A novel high-content imaging-based technique for measuring binding of Dickkopf-1 to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6
Authors: RS Priestley, J Cheung, EJ Murphy, MT Ehebauer, JB Davis, E Di Daniel
J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods, 2018-11-23;0(0):.
Applications: Bioassay
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