Recombinant Human LILRB2/CD85d/ILT4 His-tag Avi Protein, CF

Recombinant Human LILRB2/CD85d/ILT4 His-tag Avi Protein, CF Summary

Product Specifications

Product Datasheets

Carrier Free

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: LILRB2/CD85d/ILT4

Immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT4), also known as Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 (LILRB2) and LIR2, is a member of a family of activating and inhibitory type immunoreceptors mainly expressed in myeloid cells. The LILRB family contains five members, LILRB1–5, with a varying number of Ig‑like domains in their extracellular domains (ECD) that play roles in human immunity and are considered immune checkpoint factors (1). Mature human ILT4 consists of an ECD with 4 Ig‑like domains, a transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic domain with 3 inhibitory immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). The ECD of human ILT4 shares 76% amino acid sequence identity with chimpanzee ILT4. While relatives of ILT4s exist in birds and mammals, ILT4 homologs are not found in lower organisms (2). ILT4 is primarily expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells and binds to classical MHC I proteins as well as the non-classical HLA-G1 and HLA-F molecules (3,4). ILT4 appears to modulate immune responses during mid- and late-activation phases of the neutrophil lifecycle. ILT4 activation promotes the development of tolerogenic dendritic cells and the subsequent induction of regulatory T cells and CD4+ T cell anergy (5). ILT4 is also highly expressed in various solid tumors and is a potent driver for tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, and blocking ILT4 in tumor cells might be an effective strategy for cancer therapy (6). Our Avi-tag Biotinylated ILT4 features biotinylation at a single site contained within the Avi-tag, a unique 15 amino acid peptide. Protein orientation will be uniform when bound to streptavidin-coated surface due to the precise control of biotinylation and the rest of the protein is unchanged so there is no interference in the protein's bioactivity.

Related Research Areas

• Angiopoietins, Angiopoietin-like Proteins, and Receptors
• B Cell Activation
• Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Molecules
• Dendritic Cell ITIM/ITAM Immunoreceptors
• Dendritic Cell Pathogen Recognition/Uptake
• ITIM/ITAM Immunoreceptors and Related Molecules
• Monocyte Markers
• Search Immune Checkpoint Targets
• T Cell Antigen Recognition