Recombinant Human S100A4 Protein, CF Summary
Product Specifications
Ala2-Lys101, with a C-terminal 6-His tag
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
4137-S4
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS and DTT. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Reconstitution Calculator
Background: S100A4
S100A4 (also metastasin, Mtsl and calvasculin) is an 11 kDa member of the S100 (soluble in 100% saturated ammonium sulfate) family of proteins (1 - 5). The S100 family is further classified as a member of the EF-hand superfamily of Ca++-binding proteins. These participate in both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent protein-protein interactions. The hallmark of this superfamily is the EF-hand motif that consists of a Ca++-binding site flanked by two alpha -helices (helix E and helix F) that were originally identified in a right-handed model of carp muscle calcium-binding protein (6). Human S100A4 is 101 amino acids (aa) in length (1, 2). It contains two EF hand domains, one between aa 12 - 47, and a second between aa 50 - 85. The first domain has a 14 aa cation-binding motif and binds Ca++ with low affinity. The second Ca++-binding motif is 12 aa in length and binds Ca++ with high affinity. S100A4 has no classical signal sequence but is secreted from cells (3, 7). Human S100A4 shares 93% and 95% aa identity with mouse and canine S100A4, respectively. S100A4 reportedly exists as a dimer (8, 9, 10). Extracellular S100A4 is reported to induce MMP production, activate MMPs, promote neurite outgrowth and stimulate cardiomyocyte proliferation (4, 10, 11, 12, 13). Within the cell, dimers are likely the functional unit. Here, they are constitutive homo- or heterodimers (with S100A1) that interact with Ca++, undergo a conformational change, and subsequently bind to cytoplasmic targets. Known targets include p53, myosin heavy chain II, F-actin and liprin beta 1 (4, 14). In general, it can be said that S100A4 blocks target phosphorylation and multimerization (4, 7, 14). S100A4 activity has been associated with cell transformation. It seems likely this is either coincidental, or a consequence, rather than a cause of transformation (3).
- Engelkamp, D. et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31:10258.
- Tomida, Y. et al. (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 189:1310.
- Garrett, S.C. et al. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281:677.
- Santamaria-Kisiel, L. et al. (2006) Biochem. J. 396:201.
- Donato, R. (2001) Int. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 33:637.
- Kretsinger, R.H. and C.E. Nockolds (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248:3313.
- Helfman, D.M. et al. (2005) Br. J. Cancer 92:1955.
- Burkitt, W.I. et al. (2003) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 31:985.
- Vallaly, K.M. et al. (2002) Biochemistry 41:12670.
- Novitskaya, V. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:41278.
- Stary, M. et al. (2006) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 343:555.
- Semov, A. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:20833.
- Saleem, M. et al. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:14825.
- Kriajevska, M. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:5229.
Citations for Recombinant Human S100A4 Protein, CF
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 6
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Inflammation of Dry Eye Syndrome: A Cellular Study of the Epithelial and Macrophagic Involvement of NFAT5 and RAGE
Authors: Henrioux, F;Navel, V;Belville, C;Charnay, C;Antoine, A;Chiambaretta, F;Sapin, V;Blanchon, L;
International journal of molecular sciences
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
iTRAQ Proteomics Identified the Potential Biomarkers of Coronary Artery Lesion in Kawasaki Disease and In Vitro Studies Demonstrated That S100A4 Treatment Made HCAECs More Susceptible to Neutrophil Infiltration
Authors: KP Weng, KJ Chien, SH Huang, LH Huang, PH Lin, Y Lin, WH Chang, CY Chen, SC Li
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-10-23;23(21):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
S100A4 promotes pancreatic cancer progression through a dual signaling pathway mediated by Src and focal adhesion kinase.
Authors: Che P, Yang Y, Han X, Hu M, Sellers J, Londono-Joshi A, Cai G, Buchsbaum D, Christein J, Tang Q, Chen D, Li Q, Grizzle W, Lu Y, Ding Q
Sci Rep, 2015-02-13;5(0):8453.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
The role of TG2 in regulating S100A4-mediated mammary tumour cell migration.
Authors: Wang Z, Griffin M
PLoS ONE, 2013-03-01;8(3):e57017.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
S100P-derived RAGE antagonistic peptide reduces tumor growth and metastasis.
Clin. Cancer Res., 2012-06-20;18(16):4356-64.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Binding Assay -
Complement C3a, CpG oligos, and DNA/C3a complex stimulate IFN-alpha production in a receptor for advanced glycation end product-dependent manner.
Authors: Ruan BH, Li X, Winkler AR, Cunningham KM, Kuai J, Greco RM, Nocka KH, Fitz LJ, Wright JF, Pittman DD, Tan XY, Paulsen JE, Lin LL, Winkler DG
J. Immunol., 2010-09-03;185(7):4213-22.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Binding Assay
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