Recombinant Mouse Dkk-1 N-Terminal Fragment Protein, CF Summary
Product Specifications
Met1-Ser144, with a C-terminal 6-His tag
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
9839-DK
Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in PBS. |
Shipping | The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Scientific Data
When Recombinant Mouse Dkk-1 N-Terminal Fragment (Catalog # 9839-DK) is immobilized at 1 µg/mL, 100 µL/well, Recombinant Mouse CKAP4/p63 (Catalog # 9734-CK) binds with an ED50 of 15-90 ng/mL.
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: Dkk-1
Dickkopf
related protein 1 (Dkk-1) is the founding member of the Dickkopf family of
proteins that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, -4, and a related protein, Soggy (1, 2). Mature
mouse Dkk-1 is a 40 kDa secreted glycoprotein that consists of two conserved
cysteine-rich domains (CRDs), CRD1 (N-terminal) and CRD2 (C-terminal), separated by a linker region (1, 3). Within the N-terminal fragment [amino acids (aa) 32-144] that includes the CRD1, mouse Dkk-1 shares 98% and 85% aa sequence
identity with rat and human Dkk-1, respectively. Dkk-1 antagonizes Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, an activity
for which the C-terminal CRD2 is both necessary and sufficient (4, 5), while the N-terminal CRD1 was required for binding to CKAP4 (6). However,
crystallographic studies have shown that Dkk-1 interacts with LRP-6 as a
bipartite inhibitor, with both CRDs binding the extracellular domain of LRP-6
simultaneously (3, 7-9). Mechanistically, Dkk-1 has been shown to promote the
internalization and degradation of LRP-6, but mouse Dkk-1 may inhibit LRP-6
independently of this process (10, 11). Mice lacking Dkk-1 die at birth, lack
anterior head structures, and have limb malformations (12). Accordingly, bone
mass in mice has been found to be inversely proportional to Dkk-1 levels (13). Reduced
Dkk-1 expression causes head, limb, and vertebrae defects in mice (14).
Conversely, transgenic mice that overexpress Dkk-1 develop osteopenia (15). In
addition to bone homeostasis, Dkk-1 expression may be required for neural
differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells (16, 17). Dkk-1 also likely has a complex role
in cancer, as it has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor and also to
promote metastasis (18).
- Glinka, A. et al. (1998) Nature 391:357.
- Niehrs, C. (2006) Oncogene 25:7469.
- Ahn, V.E. et al. (2011) Dev. Cell 21:862.
- Mao, B. et al. (2001) Nature 411:321.
- Brott, B.K. and S.Y. Sokol (2002) Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:6100.
- Kimura, H. et al. (2016) J. Clin. Invest. 126:7.
- Chen, S. et al. (2011) Dev. Cell 21:848.
- Bourhis, E. et al. (2011) Structure 19:1433.
- Cheng, Z. et al. (2011) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 18:1204.
- Mao, B. et al. (2002) Nature 417:664.
- Semënov, M.V. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:21427.
- Mukhopadhyay, M. et al. (2001) Dev. Cell 1:423.
- MacDonald, B.T. et al. (2007) Bone 41:331.
- MacDonald, B.T. et al. (2004) Development 131:2543.
- Li, J. et al. (2006) Bone 39:754.
- Verani, R. et al. (2007) J. Neurochem. 100:242.
- Cajánek, L. et al. (2009) Stem Cells 27:2917.
- Menezes, M.E. et al. (2012) Int. J. Cancer 130:1477.
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