Recombinant Porcine TNF-alpha Protein Summary
Product Specifications
Arg78-Leu232, with an N-terminal Met
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
690-PT
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
690-PT/CF
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: TNF-alpha
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ), also known as cachectin and TNFSF2, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, immune system development, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism (1, 2). Porcine TNF-alpha consisits of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 176 aa extracellular domain (ECD) (3). Within the ECD, porcine TNF-alpha shares 69%-86% aa sequence identity with bovine, canine, cotton rat, equine, feline, human, mouse, rat, and rhesus TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha is produced by a wide variety of immune, epithelial, endothelial, and tumor cells (1, 2). TNF-alpha is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer which is expressed on the cell surface (4). Cell surface TNF-alpha can induce the lysis of neighboring tumor cells and virus infected cells, and it can generate its own downstream cell signaling following ligation by soluble TNFR I (2, 5). Shedding of membrane bound TNF-alpha by TACE/ADAM17 releases the bioactive cytokine, a 55 kDa soluble trimer of the TNF-alpha extracellular domain (6-8). TNF-alpha binds the ubiquitous 55-60 kDa TNF RI (9, 10) and the hematopoietic cell-restricted 80 kDa TNF RII (11, 12), both of which are also expressed as homotrimers (1, 2, 13). Both type I and type II receptors bind TNF-alpha with comparable affinity (14), although only TNF RI contains a cytoplasmic death domain which triggers the activation of apoptosis. Soluble forms of both types of receptors are released and can neutralize the biological activity of TNF-alpha (15).
- Zelova, H. and J. Hosek (2013) Inflamm. Res. 62:641.
- Juhasz, K. et al. (2013) Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol. 9:335.
- Pauli, U. et al. (1989) Gene 81:185.
- Tang, P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8216.
- Perez, C. et al. (1990) Cell 63:251.
- Black, R.A. et al. (1997) Nature 385:729.
- Moss, M.L. et al. (1997) Nature 385:733.
- Gearing, A.J.H. et al. (1994) Nature 370:555.
- Schall, T.J. et al. (1990) Cell 61:361.
- Loetscher, H. et al. (1990) Cell 61:351.
- Dembic, Z. et al. (1990) Cytokine 2:231.
- Smith, C.A. et al. (1990) Science 248:1019.
- Loetscher, H. et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266:18324.
- Pinckard, J.K. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:10784.
- Engelmann, H. et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265:1531.
Citations for Recombinant Porcine TNF-alpha Protein
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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TNF-Mediated Inhibition of Classical Swine Fever Virus Replication Is IRF1-, NF-kappaB- and JAK/STAT Signaling-Dependent
Authors: M Liniger, M Gerber, S Renzullo, O García-Nic, N Ruggli
Viruses, 2021-10-07;13(10):.
Species: Porcine, Transgenic Porcine
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Analysis of Porcine Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Induction by S. suis In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: FS Hohnstein, M Meurer, N de Buhr, M von Köckri, CG Baums, G Alber, N Schütze
Pathogens, 2020-01-03;9(1):.
Species: Porcine
Sample Types: Whole Blood
Applications: Bioassay -
Development and validation of a multiplex fluorescent microsphere immunoassay assay for detection of porcine cytokines
Authors: SA Hall, SH Ison, C Owles, J Coe, DA Sandercock, AJ Zanella
MethodsX, 2019-05-17;6(0):1218-1227.
Species: Porcine
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
Applications: ELISA Standard -
Infection of monocytes with European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV-1) strain Lena is significantly enhanced by dexamethasone and IL-10
Authors: H Singleton, SP Graham, JP Frossard, KB Bodman-Smi, F Steinbach
Virology, 2018-03-02;0(0):.
Species: Porcine
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Interaction of porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells with African swine fever viruses of diverse virulence
Authors: G Franzoni, SP Graham, G Sanna, P Angioi, MS Fiori, A Anfossi, M Amadori, S Dei Giudic, A Oggiano
Vet. Microbiol., 2018-02-18;216(0):190-197.
Species: Porcine
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: Activation -
Elevated fibroblast growth factor-2 increases tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced endothelial cell death in high glucose.
Authors: Clyne AM, Zhu H, Edelman ER
J. Cell. Physiol., 2008-10-01;217(1):86-92.
Species: Porcine
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Enhanced integrative repair of the porcine meniscus in vitro by inhibition of interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor alpha.
Authors: McNulty AL, Moutos FT, Weinberg JB, Guilak F
Arthritis Rheum., 2007-09-01;56(9):3033-42.
Species: Porcine
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: Bioassay -
Simultaneous detection of porcine proinflammatory cytokines using multiplex flow cytometry by the xMAP technology.
Authors: Johannisson A, Jonasson R, Dernfalk J, Jensen-Waern M
Cytometry A, 2006-05-01;69(5):391-5.
Applications: ELISA (Standard) -
Cytokine responses in gnotobiotic pigs after infection with virulent or attenuated human rotavirus.
Authors: Azevedo MS, Yuan L, Pouly S, Gonzales AM, Jeong KI, Nguyen TV, Saif LJ
J. Virol., 2006-01-01;80(1):372-82.
Applications: ELISA (Standard) -
The NS1 gene of H5N1 influenza viruses circumvents the host anti-viral cytokine responses.
Authors: Seo SH, Hoffmann E, Webster RG
Virus Res., 2004-07-01;103(1):107-13.
Species: Porcine
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
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The antibody MAB6902 was used as the capture antibody paired withe detection antibody BAM6903 in a sandwich assay for Porcine TNFa. The calibrator was 690-PT. The assay had a sensitivity of 2 pg/ml.
