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Recombinant Rat VEGF 164 Protein

Catalog #: 564-RV
35 Citations 1 Review Datasheet / COA / SDS

Carrier Free

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
564-RV-010/CF
564-RV-050/CF

With Carrier

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
564-RV-010
564-RV-050
Recombinant Rat VEGF 164 Protein Bioactivity
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Product Details
Citations (35)
FAQs
Reviews (1)
Summary Product Datasheets Carrier Free Data Images Reconstitution Calculator Background Related Research Areas

Recombinant Rat VEGF 164 Protein Summary

Product Specifications

Purity
>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Conn, G. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:1323. The ED50 for this effect is 0.75‑3.75 ng/mL.
Source
Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived rat VEGF protein
Ala27-Arg190
Accession #
AAL07526.1
N-terminal Sequence
Analysis
Ala27
Structure / Form
Disulfide-linked homodimer
Predicted Molecular Mass
19.2 kDa (monomer)
SDS-PAGE
25 kDa, reducing conditions

Product Datasheets

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564-RV (with carrier)

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COA
SDS

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564-RV/CF (carrier free)

Product Datasheet
COA
SDS

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

564-RV

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

564-RV/CF

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Scientific Data

Bioactivity Recombinant Rat VEGF 164 Protein Bioactivity View Larger

Recombinant Rat VEGF164(Catalog # 564‑RV) stimulates cell proliferation in HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. The ED50 is 0.75-3.75 ng/mL.

SDS-PAGE Recombinant Rat VEGF 164 Protein SDS-PAGE View Larger

1 μg/lane of Recombinant Rat VEGF164was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by silver staining, showing bands at 25 kDa and 54 kDa, respectively.

Reconstitution Calculator

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult (1-3). It is a member of the PDGF family that is characterized by a cysteine-knot structure formed by eight conserved cysteine residues (4). Alternately spliced isoforms of 121, 145, 165, 183, 189, and 206 amino acids (aa) have been identified in humans, with 120, 164 and 188 aa isoforms found in rat and mouse (2, 4). Isoforms other than VEGF120 and VEGF121 contain basic heparin-binding regions and are not freely diffusible (4). Rat VEGF164 shares 97% aa sequence identity with corresponding regions of mouse, 88% with human and bovine, 89% with porcine and canine, and 90% with feline and equine VEGF, respectively. VEGF binds the type I transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases VEGF R1 (also called Flt-1) and VEGF R2 (Flk-1/KDR) on endothelial cells (4). Although affinity is highest for binding to VEGF R1, VEGF R2 appears to be the primary mediator of VEGF angiogenic activity (3, 4). Human VEGF165 binds the semaphorin receptor, neuropilin-1 and promotes complex formation with VEGF R2 (5). VEGF is required during embryogenesis to regulate the proliferation, migration, and survival of endothelial cells (3, 4). In adults, VEGF functions mainly in wound healing and the female reproductive cycle (3). Pathologically, it is involved in tumor angiogenesis and vascular leakage (6, 7). Circulating VEGF levels correlate with disease activity in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (8). VEGF is induced by hypoxia and cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, oncostatin M and TNF-alpha (3, 4, 9).

References
  1. Conn, G. et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 87:2628.
  2. Ishii, H. et al. (2001) Arch. Oral Biol. 46:77.
  3. Byrne, A.M. et al. (2005) J. Cell. Mol. Med. 9:777.
  4. Robinson, C.J. and Stringer, S.E. (2001) J. Cell. Sci. 114:853.
  5. Pan, Q. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:24049.
  6. Weis, S.M. & D.A. Cheresh (2005) Nature 437:497.
  7. Thurston, G. (2002) J. Anat. 200:575.
  8. Carvalho, J.F. et al. (2007) J. Clin. Immunol. 27:246.
  9. Angelo, L.S. & R. Kurzrock (2007) Clin. Cancer Res. 13:2825.
Long Name
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Entrez Gene IDs
7422 (Human); 22339 (Mouse); 83785 (Rat); 281572 (Bovine); 403802 (Canine); 493845 (Feline); 30682 (Zebrafish)
Alternate Names
MVCD1; VAS; vascular endothelial growth factor A; Vascular permeability factor; Vasculotropin; VEGF; VEGFA; VEGF-A; VEGFMGC70609; VPF; VPFvascular endothelial growth factor

Citations for Recombinant Rat VEGF 164 Protein

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

35 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. VEGF, but Not BDNF, Prevents the Downregulation of KCC2 Induced by Axotomy in Extraocular Motoneurons
    Authors: Capilla-López, J;Hernández, RG;Carrero-Rojas, G;Calvo, PM;Alvarez, FJ;de la Cruz, RR;Pastor, AM;
    International journal of molecular sciences
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In vivo assay
  2. Sustained release of vascular endothelial growth factor A and basic fibroblast growth factor from nanofiber membranes reduces oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced injury to neurovascular units
    Authors: Wu, Y;Sun, J;Lin, Q;Wang, D;Hai, J;
    Neural regeneration research
    Applications: Bioassay
  3. beta-Catenin promotes long-term survival and angiogenesis of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells via the Oct4 signaling pathway
    Authors: P Wang, Z Deng, A Li, R Li, W Huang, J Cui, S Chen, B Li, S Zhang
    Experimental & Molecular Medicine, 2022-09-01;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  4. Local autoimmune encephalomyelitis model in a rat brain with precise control over lesion placement
    Authors: L Kalkowski, D Golubczyk, J Kwiatkowsk, M Domzalska, P Walczak, I Malysz-Cym
    PLoS ONE, 2022-01-21;17(1):e0262677.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  5. Neuroprotective Effects of VEGF-A Nanofiber Membrane and FAAH Inhibitor URB597 Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Ischemic Neuronal Injury
    Authors: DP Wang, KY Jin, P Zhao, Q Lin, K Kang, J Hai
    International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2021-05-27;16(0):3661-3678.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Nanofibrous Membrane
    Applications: Bioassay
  6. VEGF is an autocrine/paracrine neuroprotective factor for injured retinal ganglion neurons
    Authors: N Froger, F Matonti, C Roubeix, V Forster, I Ivkovic, N Brunel, C Baudouin, JA Sahel, S Picaud
    Sci Rep, 2020-07-24;10(1):12409.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cell
    Applications: Bioassay
  7. Norrin restores blood-retinal barrier properties after vascular endothelial growth factor-induced permeability
    Authors: M Díaz-Corán, CM Lin, S Liebner, DA Antonetti
    J. Biol. Chem., 2020-02-21;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  8. The combinatory effect of sinusoidal electromagnetic field and VEGF promotes osteogenesis and angiogenesis of mesenchymal stem cell-laden PCL/HA implants in a rat subcritical cranial defect
    Authors: J Chen, C Tu, X Tang, H Li, J Yan, Y Ma, H Wu, C Liu
    Stem Cell Res Ther, 2019-12-16;10(1):379.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  9. Dietary compound glycyrrhetinic acid suppresses tumor angiogenesis and growth by modulating antiangiogenic and proapoptotic pathways in vitro and in vivo
    Authors: J Li, F Tang, R Li, Z Chen, SM Lee, C Fu, J Zhang, GP Leung
    J. Nutr. Biochem., 2019-11-09;77(0):108268.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: Bioassay
  10. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis of VEGF-A in Rat Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells
    Authors: SA Mousavi, F Skjeldal, MS Fønhus, LH Haugen, W Eskild, T Berg, O Bakke
    Biomed Res Int, 2019-09-10;2019(0):5496197.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  11. Growth factor signaling regulates mechanical nociception in flies and vertebrates
    Authors: R Lopez-Bell, S Puig, PJ Huang, CR Tsai, HN Turner, MJ Galko, HB Gutstein
    J. Neurosci., 2019-05-28;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: Bioassay, In Vivo
  12. Functional Characterization of Abicipar-Pegol, an Anti-VEGF DARPin Therapeutic That Potently Inhibits Angiogenesis and Vascular Permeability
    Authors: GA Rodrigues, M Mason, LA Christie, C Hansen, LM Hernandez, J Burke, KA Luhrs, TC Hohman
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2018-12-03;59(15):5836-5846.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
    Applications: Bioassay
  13. Downregulation of TRPC6 expression is a critical molecular event during FK506 treatment for overactive bladder
    Authors: C Chang, K Li, S Jiang, B Li, L Cao, P Wang
    Cell Calcium, 2018-11-17;77(0):8-19.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  14. Effects of Triple-Mutated Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1? on Angiogenesis and Cardiac Function Improvement in Rats with Myocardial Infarction
    Authors: M Li, Y Cui, W He, X Deng, Y Wang, M Cai, Y Wang, J Pei, X Mei, P Wu
    Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 2018-11-13;50(6):2329-2340.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  15. In-vivo quantification of the revascularization of a human acellular dermis seeded with EPCs and MSCs in co-culture with fibroblasts and pericytes in the dorsal chamber model in pre-irradiated tissue
    Authors: M Vitacolonn
    Cell Tissue Bank, 2016-12-21;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  16. Angiogenic microspheres promote neural regeneration and motor function recovery after spinal cord injury in rats
    Sci Rep, 2016-09-19;6(0):33428.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  17. Caspase-3 dependent nitrergic neuronal apoptosis following cavernous nerve injury is mediated via RhoA and ROCK activation in major pelvic ganglion
    Sci Rep, 2016-07-08;6(0):29416.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: Bioassay
  18. Differential apicobasal VEGF signaling at vascular blood-neural barriers.
    Authors: Hudson N, Powner M, Sarker M, Burgoyne T, Campbell M, Ockrim Z, Martinelli R, Futter C, Grant M, Fraser P, Shima D, Greenwood J, Turowski P
    Dev Cell, 2014-08-28;30(5):541-52.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
    Applications: Stimulation
  19. Filarial excretory-secretory products induce human monocytes to produce lymphangiogenic mediators.
    Authors: Weinkopff T, Mackenzie C, Eversole R, Lammie P
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014-07-10;8(7):e2893.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  20. Experimental orthotopic transplantation of a tissue-engineered oesophagus in rats.
    Authors: Sjoqvist S, Jungebluth P, Lim M, Haag J, Gustafsson Y, Lemon G, Baiguera S, Burguillos M, Del Gaudio C, Rodriguez A, Sotnichenko A, Kublickiene K, Ullman H, Kielstein H, Damberg P, Bianco A, Heuchel R, Zhao Y, Ribatti D, Ibarra C, Joseph B, Taylor D, Macchiarini P
    Nat Commun, 2014-04-15;5(0):3562.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Complex Sample Type
    Applications: Bioassay
  21. A novel nonradioactive method to evaluate vascular barrier breakdown and leakage.
    Authors: Trichonas G, Manola A, Morizane Y, Thanos A, Koufomichali X, Papakostas TD, Montezuma S, Young L, Miller JW, Gragoudas E, Vavvas D
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2009-10-29;51(3):1677-82.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  22. Blockade of Wnt signaling inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Authors: Hu J, Dong A, Fernandez-Ruiz V, Shan J, Kawa M, Martinez-Anso E, Prieto J, Qian C
    Cancer Res., 2009-08-18;69(17):6951-9.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  23. Production of scFv antibody fragments from a hybridoma with functional activity against human vascular endothelial growth factor.
    Authors: Irani Y, Brereton HM, Tilton RG
    Hybridoma (Larchmt), 2009-06-01;28(3):205-9.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
    Applications: Binding Assay
  24. Effect of local sequential VEGF and BMP-2 delivery on ectopic and orthotopic bone regeneration.
    Authors: Kempen DH, Lu L, Heijink A, Hefferan TE, Creemers LB, Maran A, Yaszemski MJ, Dhert WJ
    Biomaterials, 2009-02-20;30(14):2816-25.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  25. VEGF promotes vascular sympathetic innervation.
    Authors: Marko SB, Damon DH
    Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2008-04-11;294(6):H2646-52.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  26. The effect of sustained delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor on angiogenesis in tissue-engineered intestine.
    Authors: Rocha FG, Sundback CA, Krebs NJ, Leach JK, Mooney DJ, Ashley SW, Vacanti JP, Whang EE
    Biomaterials, 2008-04-08;29(19):2884-90.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  27. Characterization of azurocidin as a permeability factor in the retina: involvement in VEGF-induced and early diabetic blood-retinal barrier breakdown.
    Authors: Skondra D, Noda K, Almulki L, Tayyari F, Frimmel S, Nakazawa T, Kim IK, Zandi S, Thomas KL, Miller JW, Gragoudas ES, Hafezi-Moghadam A
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2008-02-01;49(2):726-31.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  28. Homogeneous differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells from embryonic stem cells: applications for the treatment of liver failure.
    Authors: Cho CH, Parashurama N, Park EY, Suganuma K, Nahmias Y, Park J, Tilles AW, Berthiaume F, Yarmush ML
    FASEB J., 2007-10-17;22(3):898-909.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  29. Effect of VEGF-A on expression of profibrotic growth factor and extracellular matrix genes in the retina.
    Authors: Kuiper EJ, Hughes JM, Van Geest RJ, Vogels IM, Goldschmeding R, Van Noorden CJ, Schlingemann RO, Klaassen I
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2007-09-01;48(9):4267-76.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  30. The injury response of oligodendrocyte precursor cells is induced by platelets, macrophages and inflammation-associated cytokines.
    Authors: Rhodes KE, Raivich G, Fawcett JW
    Neuroscience, 2006-04-21;140(1):87-100.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  31. Salvage effect of the vascular endothelial growth factor on chemically induced acute severe liver injury in rats.
    Authors: Namisaki T, Yoshiji H, Kojima H, Yoshii J, Ikenaka Y, Noguchi R, Sakurai S, Yanase K, Kitade M, Yamazaki M, Asada K, Uemura M, Nakamura M, Fukui H
    J. Hepatol., 2005-09-23;44(3):568-75.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  32. Marked inhibition of retinal neovascularization in rats following soluble-flt-1 gene transfer.
    Authors: Rota R, Riccioni T, Zaccarini M, Lamartina S, Gallo AD, Fusco A, Kovesdi I, Balestrazzi E, Abeni DC, Ali RR, Capogrossi MC
    J Gene Med, 2004-09-01;6(9):992-1002.
    Applications: ELISA (Standard)
  33. Antiangiogenic effect of metronomic paclitaxel treatment in prostate cancer and non-tumor tissue in the same animals: a quantitative study.
    Authors: Lennernas B, Albertsson P, Damber JE, Norrby K
    APMIS, 2004-03-01;112(3):201-9.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  34. Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia.
    Authors: Maynard SE, Min JY, Merchan J, Lim KH, Mondal S, Stillman IE, Epstein FH, Karumanchi SA
    J. Clin. Invest., 2003-03-01;111(5):649-58.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  35. Xenopus neurula left-right asymmetry is respeficied by microinjecting TGF-beta5 protein.
    Authors: Mogi K, Goto M, Ohno E, Azumi Y, Takeuchi S, Toyoizumi R
    Int. J. Dev. Biol., 2003-02-01;47(1):15-29.
    Species: Xenopus
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo

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Recombinant Rat VEGF 164 Protein
By Leslie Priddy on 04/01/2018
Application: In vivo study