Rhesus Macaque TNF-alpha Quantikine ELISA Kit Summary
Product Summary
Precision
Cell Culture Supernates, Serum, EDTA Plasma
| Intra-Assay Precision | Inter-Assay Precision | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Mean (pg/mL) | 61 | 123 | 492 | 56 | 111 | 465 |
| Standard Deviation | 3.6 | 7.4 | 35.7 | 5.6 | 7.2 | 41.8 |
| CV% | 5.9 | 6 | 7.3 | 10 | 6.5 | 9 |
Recovery
The recovery of rhesus macaque TNF-alpha spiked to three levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated.
| Sample Type | Average % Recovery | Range % |
|---|---|---|
| Cell Culture Supernates (n=4) | 110 | 104-120 |
| EDTA Plasma (n=3) | 94 | 89-99 |
| Serum (n=4) | 98 | 90-109 |
Linearity
Scientific Data
Product Datasheets
Preparation and Storage
Background: TNF-alpha
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), also known as cachectin and TNFSF2, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, apoptosis, and immune system development. TNF-α is produced by a wide variety of immune and epithelial cell types. Human TNF-α consists of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 177 aa extracellular domain (ECD). Within the ECD, human TNF-α shares 97% aa sequence identity with rhesus and 71% - 92% with bovine, canine, cotton rat, equine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat TNF-α. The 26 kDa type 2 transmembrane protein is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer. Ligation of this complex induces reverse signaling that promotes lymphocyte costimulation but diminishes monocyte responsiveness.
Cleavage of membrane bound TNF-α by TACE/ADAM17 releases a 55 kDa soluble trimeric form of TNF-α. TNF-α trimers bind the ubiquitous TNF RI and the hematopoietic cell-restricted TNF RII, both of which are also expressed as homotrimers. TNF-α regulates lymphoid tissue development through control of apoptosis. It also promotes inflammatory responses by inducing the activation of vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. TNF-α is a key cytokine in the development of several inflammatory disorders. It contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes through its effects on insulin resistance and fatty acid metabolism.
Assay Procedure
Refer to the product- Prepare all reagents, standard dilutions, and samples as directed in the product insert.
- Remove excess microplate strips from the plate frame, return them to the foil pouch containing the desiccant pack, and reseal.
- Add 50 µL of Assay Diluent to each well.
- Add 50 µL of Standard, Control, or sample to each well. Cover with a plate sealer, and incubate at room temperature for 2 hours.
- Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process 4 times for a total of 5 washes.
- Add 100 µL of Conjugate to each well. Cover with a new plate sealer, and incubate at room temperature for 2 hours.
- Aspirate and wash 5 times.
- Add 100 µL Substrate Solution to each well. Incubate at room temperature for 30 minutes. PROTECT FROM LIGHT.
- Add 100 µL of Stop Solution to each well. Read at 450 nm within 30 minutes. Set wavelength correction to 540 nm or 570 nm.
FAQs
-
Assay Diluent RD1-63 contains visible precipitate. Is this acceptable to use?
A small amount of precipitate is expected and acceptable in Assay Diluent RD1-63. Variability has been observed between vials and diluent lots. It may not fully resolubilize but this will not impact assay performance. It is not recommended to filter the precipitate.
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